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Index
- abbreviation, 118–20
- acknowledgment: of source, 1–2, 8, 38, 60–61, 90–105, 137–39; of mediating translations, 43, 94, 99
- adaptation. See abbreviation; definition of Jewish translation; domestication; Judaization
- addition. See abbreviation
- Adrichem, Christian van, 50, 76–77, 112–13
- agents of translation, 52–55
- Amelander, Menaḥem Mann, 61, 87
- Amsterdam, 24, 39, 43, 53, 54, 116, 130, 183n178. See also Dutch; western Sephardim
- anonymity/anonymous translators, 38, 53–54, 65, 93–94
- apocrypha, 39, 46, 50, 77–80, 102–3, 114–15
- approbations, 83, 142, 206n28
- Aquinas, Thomas, 51
- Arabian Nights. See One Thousand and One Nights
- Arabic: as source language for Jewish translation, 19–20, 41, 166n22; as source language for translation in South and Southeast Asia, 123–24
- Ashkenaz, Ashkenazim, 21–24, 26–29, 31–32, 33–34, 90, 129–30. See also Yiddish
- Avraham ben Eliyahu of Vilna, 54, 73–74, 121–22
- Bass, Shabbethai Meshorer, 46–48, 53, 72, 115–16
- belles infidèles, 122, 138
- Ben Avraham, Moshe the Proselyte, 69
- Ben Ze’ev, Yehudah Leib, 50, 102–3, 138–39
- Bertius, Petrus, 69
- Bible translations, 3–4, 39, 40–41, 42, 83–85, 103–4, 113–15, 130–31. See also apocrypha; Blits, Yekutiel; Mendelssohn, Moses; Witznehausen Yosef
- Blits, Yekutiel, 130, 142
- Boccaccio, Giovanni, 94, 97
- Bokher, Elye, 23, 25, 37–38, 96–97, 120
- Bonfil, Robert (Re’uven), 5–6, 51, 65, 95, 133
- Botarel, Moshe, 43, 69–73, 112. See also Nostredame, Michel de
- Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, 50, 73–74, 98, 116, 121–22, 181–82n158. See also Avraham ben Eliyahu of Vilna
- Campe, Joachim Heinrich, 49, 116, 140, 143, 144–54. See also colonialism in Jewish translation
- Canisius, Peter, 104. See also Yagel, Avraham
- children/children’s literature, 33–34, 98–99, 116–17, 136, 144–54. See also Campe, Joachim Heinrich
- colonialism in Jewish translation, 144–47. See also Campe, Joachim Heinrich; domesticity
- commissioned translations, 53–54, 57–58, 143
- concealment. See acknowledgement (of source)
- conversos. See converts; Sephardim
- converts/conversion, 17, 53, 104, 112–15, 133, 158, 183n175
- Copernicus, Nicolaus. See heliocentrism
- Croneburg, Benyamin ben Zalman, 66, 168n43
- Curio, Johannes. See Sefer derekh ets ha-ḥayim
- deception, 14, 52, 98, 103, 141–44, 158. See also acknowledgment
- definition of Jewish translation, 9–12, 122–26
- descriptive translation studies. See Even-Zohar, Itamar; Toury, Gideon
- disagreement (as motive for deviation from source), 120–22
- domestication, 35–36, 74, 105–17, 122–26, 139–44. See also intertextuality; Judaization; neutralization
- domesticity, 147–54
- “Dukus Horant,” 34–36, 56
- Dutch: as source language for Jewish translation, 23, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 57–58, 63, 64, 79–80, 97. See also Amelander, Menachem Mann; Ben Avraham, Moshe the Proselyte; Blits, Yekutiel; Maarssen, Yosef ben Ya’akov; Witzenhausen, Yosef
- Farissol, Avraham, 25, 31, 61, 69, 80–81, 146
- fidelity, in translation, 11, 70, 168n39
- foreignization, 111–15, 125
- French: as source language for Jewish translation, 26, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 66, 70, 83, 119, 191n104. See also Botarel, Moshe; One Thousand and One Nights; One Thousand and One Days
- Frieden, Ken, 145–46, 147, 149, 151
- galkhes, 11, 12, 43
- Galland, Antoine. See One Thousand and One Nights
- Gans, David, 60–61, 80, 81–82, 92
- gatekeeping, translation as, 56, 80–86, 102–3, 135, 153–54, 156–57; in Yiddish, 86–88. See also domesticity, as ideal in Jewish translation; script
- Gautruche, Pierre, 51, 54, 143
- Gellert, Christian Fürchtegott, 50, 138
- gender. See women
- Genette, Gerard, 62, 71
- genre/genres: changes of, 115–17; discussions of, 81–82, 96, 133–34; emergence of, 134–35; of translation, 29, 34, 37, 39–40, 41
- geography (genre), 69, 73–74, 76–77, 91–92, 123, 145–46. See also colonialism; orientalism; travel
- German: literacy, 20, 153; as mediating language, 43, 96, 99, 107, 140; as source language, 23, 33–39, 43, 45, 46–48, 49, 56, 57, 64, 66, 73, 87, 92, 97–98, 102–3, 133, 136, 138; as target language, 3–4, 8, 83–84, 110–11, 122–23, 125. See also Avraham ben Eliyahu of Vilna; Bass, Shabbethai Meshorer; Ben Ze’ev, Yehudah Leib; Blits, Yekutiel; Campe, Joachim Heinrich; Croneburg, Benyamin ben Zalman; “Dukus Horant”; Eulenspiegel; Gans, David; Gellert, Christian Fürchtegott; Gessner, Salomon; Haskalah; Heida, Moshe; Helicz, Paul; Hergershausen, Aharon ben Shmuel; Kohen, Mordekhai of Schmallenberg, ha-; Lefin, Menachem Mendel; Lindau, Barukh; Luther, Martin; Me’asef, ha-; Mendelsohn-Frankfurt, Moshe; Mendelssohn, Moses; One Thousand and One Days; One Thousand and One Nights; Paritius, Georg Heinrich; Tla’ot Moshe; Seyder harey olem beshraybung; sieben weisen Meister, die; transliteration; Wessely, Naphtali Herz; Witzenhausen, Yosef; Yiddish
- German in Hebrew characters, 34–36, 83–86, 102–3. See also Ben Ze’ev, Yehudah Leib; Croneburg, Benyamin ben Zalman; Mendelssohn Moses; Yiddish
- Germany. See Ashkenaz
- Gessner, Salomon, 49, 138, 143
- ghetto: historiographic, 17; system, 22; translation as, 3–6, 156
- Haskalah, 8, 16–17, 34, 49, 52, 53, 66–67, 83–86, 99, 107, 116, 127–55; definition of, 129–32; “forerunners of,” 129–30. See also Ben Ze’ev, Yehudah Leib; Campe, Joachim Heinrich; colonialism in Jewish translation; deception; Gellert, Christian Fürchtegott; Lefin, Menachem Mendel; Lindau, Barukh; Me’asef, ha-; Mendelsohn-Frankfurt, Moshe; Mendelssohn, Moses; Mendes, David Franco; secularism/secularization; travel (genre); Wessely, Naftali Herz; Zamość, David
- Hebrew: in Italy, 25–26, 31–33; literacy, 31–34, 85; sources for translation into, 44–45, 49–50; as target language, 29–34, 95–96, 106–7, 112; translations from, 8, 34, 38–39, 40, 57, 125, 133–34. See also abbreviation; Haskalah; intra-Jewish translation
- Heida, Moshe, 116–17
- Helicz, Paul/Shmuel, 53, 113–15
- heliocentrism, 51–52, 121
- Hergershausen, Aharon ben Shmuel, 104. See also pietism
- Ibn Tibbon, Shmuel, 77, 95–96
- intertextuality, 64, 70–72, 81–83, 106–8, 151–52. See also domestication; Judaization
- intra-Jewish translation, 10, 36–37, 38, 40, 54, 57, 63–66, 69, 75, 87–88, 116, 134
- Italian (language): literacy, 10–11, 23, 25; as source language for Jewish translation, 20, 23, 25–26, 31–32, 37–38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 96–97. See also Bokher, Elye; Farissol, Avraham; Kohen, Yosef ha; Mendes, David; Metastasio, Pietro; Yagel, Avraham
- Italy/Italians, 21–29, 31–33, 127, 131. See also Hebrew in Italy; Yiddish in Italy
- Jesuits, 50–52. See also Canisius, Peter; Gautruche, Pierre
- JEWTACT database, 19, 161–63
- Judaization, 11, 108–11. See also domestication; intertextuality; omission
- Judeo-Italian, 30, 33, 42, 157
- Judeo-Spanish. See Ladino
- Jüdisch-Deutsch. See German in Hebrew characters
- Ladino, 30, 40–42, 50, 157
- Latin: literacy, 52–53, 100; as source language for Jewish translation, 20, 23, 25, 26, 32–33, 41, 43, 44–45, 46, 47–48, 53, 123, 179n119, 179–180n132; as target language, 31, 125. See also Adrichem, Christian van; Bass, Shabbethai; Bertius, Petrus; Botarel, Moshe; Canisius, Peter; Gans, David; Gautruche, Pierre; Helicz, Paul; Kohen, Mordekhai of Schmallenberg, ha-; Kohen, Tuviah ha-; Kohen, Yosef ha-; Neumark, Meir ben Yehudah; Sefer derekh ets ha-ḥayim; Tla’ot Moshe; Yagel, Avraham; Zahalon, Ya‘akov
- Lampronti, Itsḥak, 33, 50, 54, 142
- Lefin, Menachem Mendel, 147–55
- Levison, Mordecai Gumpel Schnaber, 137–38
- Levita, Eliyia. See Bokher, Elye
- Lindau, Barukh, 77, 98–99, 116. See also Haskalah; Me’asef, ha-; Raff, Georg Christian
- literacy, 1, 10–11, 23–24, 26, 30–33, 55–58, 153–54, 165n2, 172n33. See also German; Hebrew; Italian; Latin; Yiddish
- Luther, Martin, 39, 79, 105, 113–14, 190n88, 197n58
- Maarssen, Yosef ben Ya‘akov, 41, 53, 66, 79–80, 94, 97
- Maimonides, 53, 61, 75, 93, 96, 137, 141
- manuscript culture, 14, 26, 33, 142–43
- Mar’ot ha-tsov’ot. See One Thousand and One Nights
- maskilim. See Haskalah
- Mattioli, Pietro Andrea. See Sefer derekh ets ha-ḥayim
- Mayse bukh, 57, 86–87, 107–8
- Me’asef, ha-, 52, 136, 138, 141, 143
- mediation/mediating translations, 43, 46, 99. See also acknowledgment
- medicine. See physicians
- medieval translations, 7, 19–21, 25, 33, 34–35, 75–76
- Mendelssohn, Moses, 3–4, 5, 83–85, 96, 122, 131
- Mendelsohn-Frankfurt, Moshe, 145, 149–50
- Mendes, David Franco, 42, 59, 85–86
- messianism, 69, 70–72
- Metastasio, Pietro, 42, 49–50, 59, 85
- Middle Ages. See medieval translations
- mission, missionaries, 7, 17, 53, 57, 124, 125, 142, 158, 169n48. See also Hergershausen, Aharon; Pietism; untranslatability
- modernity, modernization, 3–4, 55, 66–67, 88, 127–32, 154–55. See also Haskalah
- Moshe ben Avraham. See Tla’ot Moshe
- Neumark, Meir ben Yehudah, 51, 54, 77, 82, 95–96, 143
- neutralization, 70, 97, 109–11. See also domestication; Judaization
- Nostredame, Michel de (Nostradamus), 69–73, 112. See also Botarel, Moshe
- omission. See abbreviation; domestication; Judaization; neutralization
- One Thousand and One Days, 109–11
- One Thousand and One Nights, 49, 64–65, 94, 109, 119–20, 146
- Oppenheim, David, 54, 77, 82, 142, 143
- oral transmission, 97–98, 161, 184n200
- orientalism, 109, 146, 210n80. See also colonialism; One Thousand and One Days; One Thousand and One Nights
- origins of science and philosophy, myth. See reclaiming, translation as
- Ottoman empire, 21; translation in the, 40–42, 123–24
- Ovid, 48, 107
- Paritius, Georg Heinrich, 116–17, 201n126
- Pétis de la Croix, François. See One Thousand and One Days
- physicians, 52–53
- pietists, 39, 50, 99–102, 104–5
- Poland/Poland-Lithuania, translation in, 20, 113–15, 122, 127
- polemic, 2, 35, 69–73, 109, 112, 125, 133–34, 187n42
- polysystem theory. See Even-Zohar, Itamar
- Portuguese (language), 22–23. See also western Sephardim
- prayers, translation of, 39, 104–5
- printers, 53. See also Bass, Shabbethai Meshorer; Helicz, Paul
- prose. See genres
- pseudo translations, 10
- rabbis/rabbinical thinkers, 51–52, 54–55, 82, 83, 142, 206n28. See also Avraham ben Eliyahu of Vilna; Emden, Ya‘akov; Heida, Moshe; Lampronti, Itsḥak; Schick, Barukh of Shklov; Shlomo of Chelm; Zahalon, Ya‘akov
- Raff, Georg Christian, 99. See also Lindau, Barukh
- reclaiming, translation as, 56, 75–80
- religious fortification, translation as, 68–75
- Rossi, Azaria de, 25, 31–32, 83, 132–33
- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 49, 141–42, 143
- Ruderman, David, 31, 32, 51, 69, 131–32
- Sacrobosco, Johannes de, 120–21
- Schick, Barukh of Shklov, 66, 89, 95, 195n36, 206n28
- Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 88
- script, 11–12, 86. See also gatekeeping, translation as
- secularism/secularization, 55, 127–28, 154. See also Haskalah; modernization
- Sefer derekh ets ha-ḥayim, 46, 74–75, 111, 129–30
- Seidman, Naomi, 9, 85, 127, 128, 133, 208n58
- Sennert, Daniel, 32–33, 50. See also Zahalon, Ya‘akov
- Sephardim, 21–24, 40–42, 43; western Sephardim, 24
- Seyder harey olem beshraybung, 91–92, 118, 192n6
- Shavit, Zohar, 49, 66, 128, 135, 141–42, 144
- Shlomo of Chelm, 76–77, 129–30
- sieben weisen Meister, die, 38, 49, 92
- skopos theory, 59–60
- source languages, 43–48. See also, Arabic; Dutch; German; Italian; Latin
- sources, criteria for selection of, 48–52
- South Asia/Southeast Asia, translation in, 123–24
- Steinschneider, Moritz, 7, 94, 166n22
- target languages, 29–42. See also German in Hebrew characters; Hebrew; Judeo-Italian; Ladino; Yiddish
- Taytsh. See Yiddish; German in Hebrew characters
- tifle, 35–36, 109
- tkhines, 29, 39, 104–5
- Tla’ot Moshe, 69
- Toury, Gideon, 7, 9–10, 66–68, 89, 141, 192n2
- Toyzent unt ayn nakht. See One Thousand and One Nights
- Toyzent unt ayn tag. See One Thousand and One Days
- translation studies, 4, 6–9, 59–60, 67–68, 88, 89, 105–106, 112, 135, 156–59, 166n11, 173n43, 192n2. See also Toury, Gideon; untranslatability; Venuti, Lawrence
- transliteration, 10, 11–12, 33–35, 46, 87. See also German in Hebrew characters; Yiddish
- travel (genre), 47–48, 145–54. See also Campe, Joachim Heinrich; domesticity; Haskalah
- Tremellius, Immanuel, 53, 104, 142. See also converts
- Tuviah Ha-Kohen. See Kohen, Tuviah ha-
- Yagel, Avraham, 25, 65, 104
- Yiddish: in Italy, 25, 37–38, 96–97, 172n36; readership, 36–, 93, 102–3; selection of sources for translation into, 46–49; as target language, 34–40, 65–66, 86–88, 91–94, 96–98, 107–8, 109–11, 118, 168n41; translation from, 125. See also galkhes; German in Hebrew characters; polemic; women
- Yosef Ha-Kohen. See Kohen, Yosef ha-