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Nuns’ Priests’ Tales: Index

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table of contents
  1. Series Editor
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright
  4. Dedication
  5. Contents
  6. List of Abbreviations
  7. Prologue
  8. 1. The Puzzle of the Nuns’ Priest
  9. 2. Biblical Models: Women and Men in the Apostolic Life
  10. 3. Jerome and the Noble Women of Rome
  11. 4. Brothers, Sons, and Uncles: Nuns’ Priests and Family Ties
  12. 5. Speaking to the Bridegroom: Women and the Power of Prayer
  13. Conclusion
  14. Appendix. Beati pauperes
  15. Notes
  16. Bibliography
  17. Index
  18. Acknowledgments

INDEX

  • Abelard: as abbot of St. Gildas, 34, 150, 225n182; 249n135; and Blamires’s medieval “case” for women, 6–7, 42–43; burial at the Paraclete, 150, 173–75; as “exceptional,” 33–38; as founder of the Paraclete, 34, 179; and Guibert of Gembloux, 36–37; and Heloise, 136, 149–52, 163, 179–80; influence at Marbach, 105–6, 169–70; and Jerome, 97, 101–2, 109–10; on Jesus’s relations with women, 43–44, 60–61, 73; and John the Evangelist, 45–46, 50; and Malchus, 102; and Mary Magdalene, 68, 70; on men’s service to women, 25, 57, 127–28, 154, 169–70; as a nun’s priest, 3; religious women as dominae, 104–5; and Robert of Arbrissel, 35–36; Sermon 30, 104–6, 169–73; and women’s constancy at the cross and tomb, 66, 71, 72; and women’s prayerfulness, 149–52, 155–56, 167, 170–73. See also Guta-Sintram Codex; Heloise; Paraclete
  • Abigail: intercession of, 152
  • Abundus, 205n22
  • Adela of Blois: and Hildebert of Lavardin, 104, 241n16; and Hugh of Fleury, 42–43, 72, 97
  • Adelheid of Vilich, 243n44
  • Adelheid, empress, 97
  • Admont: double monastery, 27; and Gerhoch of Reichersberg, 90; prayers of nuns, 271n118. See also Irimbert of Admont
  • Adrevald of Fleury, 126
  • Aelfric of Eynsham, 156–57
  • Aelred of Rievaulx: biblical models for women, 71, 73; choice of priest for women, 203n14; on gifts, 28; and Godric of Finchale, 113; praise for his sister, 131–32; on sexual temptation, 12–13; writing for his sister, 71, 73, 113
  • Æthelburh of Kent, 151
  • Agnes of Poitou, 71–72
  • Agnes, prioress of Nun Appleton, 48
  • Alb. See Edith of Wilton
  • Alberic of Monte Cassino, 126, 166
  • Alcuin of York: friendships with women, 84–89; and Jerome, 109, 110; and women’s prayers 161–63. See also Gisela; Rotrude
  • Aldhelm of Malmesbury, 83, 126; and Malchus, 240n8; writing for women, 83, 161
  • Alexander III, Pope, 130
  • Algasia, 82
  • Ambrose, saint: interpretation of John 19:27, 46; and sister, Marcellina, 118
  • Amfrida: noble matron at Bec, 134
  • Aminadab, Chariot of, 23
  • Amnon: and Thamar, 138–40
  • Amtenhausen, 21
  • Andernach, 21, 133, 233n94, 257n78
  • Anselm of Lucca, 47
  • Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury: and clerical celibacy, 81; correspondence with women, 241n18; letter to Robert, 21, 24; on John the Evangelist, 50; on Mary and intercession, 158; and Mary Magdalene, 73, 81; and Matilda of Tuscany, 71; and Reginald of Canterbury, 80–81; and sister Richeza, 133; on wives and intercession, 156; women at Bec, 134. See also Bec
  • Antependium: from Göß, 184, 187, 186 fig. 25; from Rupertsberg, 187–89, 188 fig. 27; Wichmannsburger Antependium (from Medingen), 189–91, 190 fig. 28
  • Antony, saint, 121
  • Apostles: depicted on Edith’s alb, 183; faithlessness at the cross, 66–67, 70; heretics and the apostolic model, 75–76; involvement with women, 21, 24, 38, 40, 43, 46, 56–60, 100; and religious reform, 9, 23, 25, 36, 39; See also Apostola apostolorum; Sister woman; Vita apostolica
  • Apostola apostolorum. See Mary Magdalene
  • Aremburgis (mother of Hugh of Cluny), 133, 138
  • Arnold von Wied, archbishop of Cologne, 53–56; burial, 176; and Hadwig, 54 fig. 3, 114, 128; Schwarzrheindorf, 53–56; siblings, 113
  • Arnold, archbishop of Mainz: charter for Rupertsberg, 181
  • Arnstein, 137–38
  • Asella: and Jerome’s departure from Rome, 91–92, 101–2, 103, 246n94, 249n136; Jerome’s Life of Hilarion, 82; Jerome’s praise of, 82; and prayer, 153
  • Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, 121
  • Attila, 159
  • Augustine: correspondence with Jerome, 97; and female monastic life, 118, 203n10; and Jesus’s care for women, 43; Rule of, 173; and St. Stephen, 57; sister of, 118, 140; and “sister women” of apostles, 58–59; and women’s prayer, 164. See also Monica
  • Aybert of Crépin, 19
  • Azecho, bishop of Worms, 37, 47, 97
  • Balthild of Chelles, 159
  • Barking, 66, 83, 126–27, 176
  • Basil of Caesarea, 11, 120
  • Basilia (wife of Hugh of Gournay): noble matron at Bec, 134
  • Baudonivia (nun of Sainte-Croix at Poitiers), 159
  • Baudri of Bourgueil, 106, 211n71, 225n192
  • Beati pauperes, 106, 107 fig. 17, 169, 174, 199–200. See also Guta-Sintram Codex
  • Bec: women at, 22, 81, 134
  • Bede, 96, 126
  • Beleth, Johannes, 94
  • Benedict of Nursia: image of instructing women and men, 31; and sexual temptation, 19; and sister Scholastica, 5, 112, 122–28, 124 fig. 18, 166–67. See also Benedictine Rule; Scholastica
  • Benedictine Rule, 13–14, 126
  • Benno of Trier (chaplain to Edith of Wilton and Wulfthryth), 102
  • Berman, Constance, 174
  • Bernard of Clairvaux: and Abelard, 34, 223n174; and apostolae apostolorum, 236n141; contact with women, 37–38, 75, 206n29; Life of St. Malachy, 259n106; sermons on the Song of Songs, 71, 163; sister Humbeline, 133, 134, 135. See also Humbeline
  • Bernard of Tiron: vita and Jerome, 242n32; women at Tiron, 214n88
  • Bernold of Constance, 201n1 (chap. 1)
  • Bernried, 22
  • Bernward Gospels, 61, 62 fig. 5
  • Bertha of Kent, queen, 151
  • Bertharius, abbot of Monte Cassino, 126, 166
  • Betto, canon from Hildesheim, 21
  • Blamires, Alcuin: on Abelard, 6, 35, 42–43; “case” for women, 6–7; Gregory the Great, 60; influence of, 197
  • Blanche of Milan, 104
  • Blesilla: asceticism and death, 91, 99 fig. 16, 101; Jerome’s praise of, 82, 97; and prayer, 153; request for Jerome’s writing, 82, 88, 97
  • Bond, Gerald, 32–33
  • Boniface, 46
  • Boniface V, Pope, 151
  • Book of Cerne, 157
  • Bride of Christ: and Abelard, 104–5, 136, 150, 154, 155–56, 163, 167, 169–74, 176; and Alcuin, 161–62; Beati pauperes, 106; and Christina of Markyate, 148; and Eustochium, 103–4, 154–55; and Heloise, 180; and Hildegard, 181–82; and Jerome, 103–4, 154–55; Mary Magdalene as, 70–71, 73; monks as brides of Christ, 71, 161–62, 163; nuns as brides of Christ, 4, 17, 36, 44–45, 50–51, 106–8, 129; and prayer, 6, 105, 130, 142, 154–58, 162; priests and spiritual service to, 5, 6, 34–35, 51, 76, 105, 154, 158, 167, 178, 198; Robert of Arbrissel, 73; and Song of Songs, 70, 161; suspicion of, 153–54, 178–79; widows as, 155. See also Domina; Paranymphus; Tertullian
  • Brigittine Order, 31
  • Brooke, Christopher, 2
  • Burchard of Worms, 133
  • Burchwine, sister of Godric of Finchale, 113, 210n61
  • Burial: of Abelard, 150, 173, 175; of men in women’s houses, 22, 56, 150, 174–75, 176; of Robert of Arbrissel, 168; of Roger at Saint Albans, 176; of siblings, 118, 122, 257n71; women in men’s tombs, 121
  • Bury St. Edmunds, 21, 22
  • Bynum, Caroline Walker, 6
  • Caesaria, abbess of St Jean, Arles, 122; and brother Caesarius, 122, 126; burial, 122
  • Caesarius of Arles: burial, 122, 124; and church as widow, 155; rule for women, 122, 159; and St. Jean, 159, 163–64, 171, 203n10; and sister Caesaria, 112, 122, 126; and women’s prayer, 159, 162, 171
  • Caesarius of Heisterbach, 210n62
  • Cain, Andrew, 82–83
  • Canossa, 47
  • Canterbury Tales, 1
  • Cantimpré: women at, 22, 37
  • Cappenberg, 52
  • Carruthers, Mary, 126
  • Castration: Abelard, 101; Eliah, 204n16; Equitius, 204n16; Origen’s auto-castration, 12. See also Eunuch
  • Celibacy, of clergy: Anselm of Canterbury, 81; impact on nuns, 13, 30–31, 177; Jerome, 153; and male spirituality, 7, 18; masculinity, 18, 205n25; and reform, 2, 7, 13
  • Celsus, 61
  • Chaste marriage, 79, 102, 116–17, 137
  • Chaucer, 1, 2, 3, 6
  • Chelles: Gisela as abbess, 87; Jerome’s letters at, 89, 108; scriptorium, 87. See also Balthild of Chelles; Gisela
  • Christina of Markyate: family of, 132–33, 135; friendship with Geoffrey de Gorron, 47, 142–49, 168–69; gifts for Geoffrey de Gorron, 219n135; gifts for Pope Adrian IV, 183; as intercessor, 142–49, 168–69, 174, 176; likened to Paula (and Jerome), 103; and ownership of St. Albans Psalter, 143; sexual temptation, 204n21; slandered, 20, 59; support from brother Gregory, 5. See also Geoffrey de Gorron; St. Albans Psalter
  • Chunegunde II, abbess of Göß, 184–87, 187 fig. 26
  • Clement of Alexandria, 58, 116
  • Clerics, sexual threat to women: 12, 26, 91, 139–40
  • Clothilda, 151
  • Clovis, 151
  • Cluny: brothers of Cluny living at Marcigny, 16; “Cogitis me” known at, 90; kinship ties at, 137–38; support for Marcigny, 68; women at, 22. See also Hugh of Cluny
  • Coakley, John, 33, 197
  • Codex Benedictus, 123, 124 fig. 18, 166
  • Conrad III, emperor, 53
  • Constance (possibly nun at Le Ronceray), 106–8
  • Coomans, Thomas, 174
  • Corbie: Isidore of Seville, 122; Jerome known at, 83, 96–97, 99 fig. 16. See also Paschasius Radbertus
  • Council of Ancyra, 117
  • Council of Mainz, 262n144
  • Council of Nicaea, 117, 128, 139, 220n144
  • Council of Seville, II, 12
  • Crucifixion: absence of male disciples, 60–61; commendation to John at, 4, 40, 45, 48; as model for men’s care for women, 50, 54–55, 55 fig. 4; women present at, 40, 41, 60–61, 62 fig. 5, 66–67
  • Cura monialium, 17–18, 32
  • Damasus I, Pope: and family ties, 118, 124,
  • Deborah, 100
  • Diemut of Wessobrunn, 22, 96; friendship with Herluca, 214n94
  • Disibodenberg: priests for Rupertsberg, 130, 180–81; women at, 22, 31–32, 215n95
  • Domesday Book, 22
  • Domina: in Beati pauperes, 169–70; and bride of Christ motif, 103–8; and Jerome, 104; religious women as, 5, 19, 28, 35; spiritual appeal to priests, 104–6, 154, 169–70, 198; and women’s intercession, 6, 170
  • Donatus of Besançon, 161, 162, 164
  • Double monastery: and Abelard, 35; Admont as, 27; biblical models for female presence in, 22–24; Cappenberg as, 52; on term “double” monastery as problematic, 213n81; and early household monasticism, 120; as a feature of reform monasticism, 21–24; Fontevraud as, 16, 49; Marbach as, 105; necrologies as sources for, 221n155; perceived as temporary and experimental, 31–32; Schönau as, 128, 130; Sempringham as, 21; associated with Springiersbach, 212n80
  • Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury, 47, 51, 102
  • Easter liturgy. See Quem quaeritis; Visitatio sepulchri
  • Eberwin of Steinfeld, 75–76.
  • Ecclesia: as bride of Christ, 181; ecclesia primitiva, 39–40; as a widow, 155
  • Eckenbert of Worms, 137. See also Frankenthal
  • Edith of Wilton: Benno of Trier as chaplain, 102; and Dunstan, 47, 51, 102; embroidered alb (Edith as Mary Magdalene), 75, 183–84, 192, 193; mother Wulfthryth, 102; at Wilton, 28
  • Einhard, 87
  • Ekbert of Schönau, 128: death of Elisabeth of Schönau, 135; De obitu domine Elisabeth, 111; at Saint Cassius (Bonn), 56, 128; spiritual dependence on Elisabeth, 111, 130–31
  • Ekbert, bishop of Münster, 56, 128
  • Ekkehard of Halberstadt, 21
  • Elijah, 151
  • Elisabeth of Schönau: and Arnold von Wied, 55–56; and brother Ekbert, 5–6, 56, 111, 128, 130–31; death of, 135, 257n78; family ties in the Liber revelationum, 117, 128–29, 135, 140; visions concerning St. Ursula, 114–15, 138. See also Ekbert of Schönau; Ursula, saint
  • Elisha, 151
  • Elkanah, 165 fig. 22, 166
  • Elkins, Sharon, 16, 135
  • Elliott, Dyan: bride of Christ, 153–54, 155, 178–79; “heteroasceticism,” 30; Jerome, 103; women and reform rhetoric, 13
  • Elm, Kaspar, 31
  • Enclosure, 30; at Admont, 218n127; and bride of Christ, 266n47; at Disibodenberg, 219n137; and male staff, 206n33
  • Engelberg, 31
  • Engelmodus of Soissons, 89
  • Engilmar, bishop of Parenzo: benedictional of, 61, 64 fig. 7
  • Enoc, 20
  • Epiphanius of Salamis, 46
  • Epithalamica: at the Paraclete, 70
  • Equitius, 12, 38
  • Ermengard of Tours, 156
  • Erpo: and women at Rolduc, 24
  • Essen: Alcuin’s commentary on John at, 88–89; Hadwig as abbess, 53, 56
  • Esther, 100, 159; as model for queens, 156–57
  • Ethelburga, abbess of Barking: and prayer for the dead, 176
  • Ethelburga, abbess of Fladbury, 161, 162
  • Eudocia, empress, 57
  • Eunuch: and Abelard, 46; and John the Evangelist, 228n30; and spiritual involvement with women, 12. See also Castration
  • Eustochium: in Beati pauperes, 199–200; “Cogitis me” addressed to, 89–90; depictions of, 84, 85 fig. 11, 86 fig. 12, 92–93, 93 fig. 13, 97, 99 fig. 16; and Jerome, 36, 37, 38, 77, 82, 87, 92, 96; as Jerome’s domina, 103–5, 170; Jerome’s Epist. 22, 82, 89, 90, 91, 103–5, 154; Jerome’s writing for, 82, 88, 89, 97, 100, 139; learning of, 87; letter to Marcella, 155; medieval references to, 36, 37, 38, 77, 83, 84, 97, 101–3, 109, 127, 196. See also Paula
  • Eva (wife of William Crispin): noble matron at Bec, 134
  • Eve of Wilton: consecration ceremony, 271n134; and Goscelin of St. Bertin, 20, 28, 80, 102–3; and Hervé of Vendôme, 210n64; and Liber confortatorius, 42, 102–3; and Paula and Eustochium, 102–3
  • Ferrante, Joan, 197–98
  • First Bible of Charles the Bald, 84, 85 fig. 11, 89, 108
  • Florentina, 122, 125, 126; as bride of Christ, 130, 142, 154; as intercessor, 130, 141–42, 148; spiritually superior to brother Leander, 132
  • Fontevraud, 16, 21; burial of Robert of Arbrissel, 168; as “double” monastery, 208n44; female authority, 49; John the Evangelist, 49–50, 51, 52; Mary Magdalene, 237n149; men’s spiritual service, 170; perceived as “experimental” or “exceptional,” 30, 35, 49; prayer of women, 167–68, 175; statutes of, 219n138, 230n58. See also Double monastery; Robert of Arbrissel
  • Frankenthal, 137
  • Fredegisus of Tours, 161
  • Fructuosus of Braga: families in Rule of, 260n116; punishment in Rule, 204n17; warning against women, 139
  • Fulk of Neuilly, 174
  • Furia: Jerome’s writing for, 94, 101, 247n96, 254n34
  • Füssenich, 16
  • Gandersheim: textile from 194–96, 195 fig. 29; women’s prayer, 175
  • Gaucher of Aureil, 21, 22–23, 25, 52; and Bos-las-Mongeas, 212n74
  • Genovefa of Paris, 159, 162
  • Geoffrey de Gorron, abbot of Saint Albans: friendship with Christina of Markyate, 142–49, 219n135; friendship with Christina of Markyate defended, 47, 59, 103, 133, 142–43; and the St. Albans Psalter, 145–49; slandered, 20, 59; spiritual reliance on Christina of Markyate, 143, 149, 168–69, 174. See also Christina of Markyate; Saint Albans; St. Albans Psalter
  • Geoffrey II of Semur: foundation of Marcigny, 16, 133; and religious life, 138
  • Geoffrey III of Semur: as prior of Marcigny, 138
  • Geoffrey of Vendôme, 20, 70
  • Gerald of Wales: and Eliah, 204n16; on Enoc, 20; Gemma ecclesiastica, 20; incest fears, 139; on nun infatuated with Gilbert of Sempringham, 204n21; on Sempringham, 21
  • Gerhoch of Reichersberg, 90, 97
  • Gerson, Jean, 138
  • Gertrude of Nivelles, 159
  • Gertrude, nun of Rupertsberg, 30
  • Gervase, abbot of Arrouaise, 133
  • Gifts: exchanged between women and men in the religious life, 28–30, 139–40, 169, 183, 207n37; women’s liturgical gifts, 191–94
  • Gilbert of Sempringham: Book of St Gilbert, 24, 25, 48, 225n188, 271n129; care for women, 21, 213n82, 224n181; Gilbertine order, 19, 23, 204n21, 218n128; and John the Evangelist, 48; paranymphus, 51. See also Watton, Nun of
  • Gisela, abbess of Chelles: and Alcuin, 87–88, 162; and Jerome, 89, 109, 110; and prayer, 161
  • Glazier Evangelistary, 61, 63 fig. 6
  • Godric of Finchale, 19; and sister Burchwine, 113
  • Godwyn: hermit of Kilburn, 21
  • Gommersheim, 52
  • Goscelin of St. Bertin: additions to the Miracula sancti Eadmundi, 214n86; alb of Edith of Wilton, 75, 183–84, 193; and Eve of Wilton, 20, 28, 80, 102–3, 104, 271n134; and Jerome, 102–3, 104; Liber confortatorius, 42, 80; and Life of Edith of Wilton, 46–47, 51, 102; Life of Seaxburh, 166–67; on Mary Magdalene, 67, 75; and Reginald of Canterbury’s Life of Malchus, 80; Vita Wulsini, 51; women and prayer for the dead, 176
  • Göß: vestments from, 184–87, 185 fig. 24, 186 fig. 25, 187 fig. 26, 192
  • Gramzow, 52
  • Grandmont: foundation of, 212n74; Rule of, 13
  • Gregory I (Gregory the Great), Pope: clerical chastity, 116; on Equitius, 204n16; and Leander of Seville, 125–26; life of Benedict, 123–27, 130; on Mary Magdalene, 70; on women at the cross, 60
  • Gregory of Nyssa, 120, 130
  • Gregory VII, Pope, 47, 71, 203n13
  • Grundmann, Herbert, 17
  • Guibert of Gembloux: and biblical models, 38, 39, 43–44, 48, 52, 59–60, 73; priest at Rupertsberg, 28–30, 36–37, 47–48, 182
  • Guibert of Nogent: on apostolic marriage, 234n104; on conversions to religious life, 201n1 (chap. 1); on heresy, 210n63; and women at Saint-Germer-de-Fly, 22, 113
  • Guigues de Châtel, 96
  • Gundulf, bishop of Rochester, 19
  • Guta. See Guta-Sintram Codex
  • Guta-Sintram Codex, 28, 29 fig. 2, 106; and Abelard’s Sermon 30, 107 fig. 17, 169–70, 173
  • Guthlac, saint, 138
  • Haarländer, Stephanie, 21
  • Hadwig von Wied, abbess of Gerresheim and Essen, 53, 54 fig. 3, 56, 113, 114, 128
  • Haimo of Auxerre, 59
  • Hannah, 100, 164–66, 165 fig. 22
  • Harrold, 133
  • Hedibia, 82
  • Heloise: and Abelard, 34–36, 44, 101, 136, 179–80; on the Benedictine rule and women, 206n31; biblical women as models, 71; and bride of Christ motif, 136, 162, 163, 179–80; claiming pastoral care, 180–81, 196; and Epithalamica, 237n155; family of, 35; John the Evangelist, 48; learning of, 273n4; and male authority at the Paraclete, 224n178; Marcella as model, 109–10; and the Paraclete, 104–5, 175; and prayer, 149–52, 155–56, 163. See also Abelard; Paraclete
  • Henry IV, 47
  • Herluca of Epfach, 22; and Sigeboto, 214n94; and Theoger of Saint-Georgen, 212n78. See also Bernried; Diemut of Wessobrunn; Paul of Bernried
  • Herman of Tournai, 25, 28, 134, 201n1 (chap. 1). See also Saint Martin (Tournai)
  • Herrad of Hohenbourg, 48, 203n8. See also Hortus deliciarum
  • Hersende (of Fontevraud), 35
  • Hervé de Bourg-Dieu, 59
  • Hilarion, 43, 82
  • Hildebert of Lavardin: Adela of Blois as domina, 104; correspondence with women, 241n16; Life of Mary of Egypt, 80–81; and Matilda of England, 72, 192; and Reginald of Canterbury’s Life of Malchus, 80
  • Hildegard of Bingen: and Arnold von Wied, 55; and bride of Christ, 180–82; and brother, Hugo, 130, 135; claiming pastoral care, 130, 180–81; depicted on Rupertsberg antependium, 188 fig. 27, 189; and Disibodenberg, 22, 31–32, 130; and Guibert of Gembloux, 28–30, 36; spiritual privileges of virgins, 182–83; and Tenxwind of Andernach, 181–82; and visions, 142, 149
  • Hildelith, abbess of Barking, 83
  • Hiltrude, saint, 83, 127
  • Hippolytus of Rome, 67, 70, 72
  • Hirsau: and women, 22, 213n83; Zwiefalten, 52, 96. See also William of Hirsau
  • Hizecha von Wied, abbess of Vilich, 56
  • Hohenbourg, 180, 181, 203n8, 233n91, 277n42. See also Herrad of Hohenbourg
  • Hortus deliciarum: critical of priests, 196–97, 217n119; definition of paranymphus, 231n66; group portrait of women, 277n42; John the Evangelist in, 48–49, 52
  • Household monasticism, 120
  • Hrabanus Maurus, 156
  • Hugh of Cluny: conversion of mother and sisters, 138; families at Cluny/Marcigny, 137; founder of Marcigny, 16, 23, 133; and Mary Magdalene, 68
  • Hugh of Fleury, 42–43, 72, 73, 77, 97. See also Adela of Blois
  • Hugh of Rouen, 75–76
  • Humbeline, 133, 135, 261n122. See also Bernard of Clairvaux; Jully
  • Huysburg, 21
  • Idonea, 66–67, 71
  • Idung of Prüfening, 11, 24–25, 206n31
  • Imma, nun at Notre Dame at Soissons, 89–90, 162. See also Paschasius Radbertus
  • Incest, 138–40
  • Ingeborg of Denmark: and chasuble, 192–93
  • Institutio sanctimonialium: and Jerome, 84, 96, 108; and priests, 12
  • Intercession: Abelard’s Sermon 30, 169–70; of Abigail, 152; Aldhelm, 161; and Balthild of Chelles, 159; and Christina of Markyate, 132, 142–49, 169, 174; of Esther, 156–57; Florentius, 163; of religious women as brides of Christ, 6, 141–42, 154, 156, 158, 163, 171; of wives, 155–58; of the Virgin Mary, 157–58
  • Interlaken, 31
  • Irimbert of Admont, 27, 30. See also Admont
  • Isidore of Seville, 122
  • Ivo of Chartres, 192, 204n21
  • Jacobus de Voragine, 94
  • Jacques de Vitry, 205n22
  • Jaeger, C. Stephen, 32–33
  • Jerome, 4–5: and Abelard, 101–2, 104–6; admiration for Paula, 92, 97; and Alcuin, 84–89; in Bethlehem, 84, 92; and Blesilla, 82, 88, 97, 99 fig. 16, 153; burial, 92; controversy and attacks, 5, 90–96; domina, 103–8; and Eustochium, 38, 127; and Gisela and Rotrude, 88–89; and Heloise, 109–10, 196; images of, 84, 85 fig. 11, 86 fig. 12, 92–93, 93 fig. 13, 94, 95 fig. 14, 97, 99 fig. 16; in the Institutio sanctimonialium, 84; invoked by medieval men, 78, 97–103; invoked by medieval women, 109–10; on John the Evangelist, 45, 46; and kinship, 118–20, 139; letter to Eustochium (Epist. 22), 82, 89, 90, 91, 103–4, 154, 199–200; life of Hilarion, 43; life of Malchus, 78–81, 92, 102, 116–17, 137; and Marcella, 72, 91, 109–10; and Paschasius Radbertus, 84, 89–90; and Paula and Eustochium, 36, 37, 77, 82, 84, 87–88, 89–90, 92–93, 97, 100, 101; in Santa Maria Maggiore, 92–93, 93 fig. 13; on the sister women of the apostles, 58, 59; warning against women, 17; and women followers of Jesus, 72; and women’s prayerfulness, 152–55; on women at the tomb, 67; writing for women, 81–83
  • John Cassian, 121–22
  • John Chrysostom, 58, 59
  • John the Evangelist: care for Mary as a model for men’s pastoral care of women, 36, 37, 45–55, 57, 72, 76, 102, 140; commendation of the Virgin Mary to John at the crucifixion (John 19:25–27), 40, 45, 47, 48, 55 fig. 4, 77, 143; and Jerome, 78; as the most beloved of the disciples, 228n29; virginity of, 45
  • John, abbot of Cantimpré: buried at Prémy, 22; care for his mother, 22, 48; conversion of Iueta, 214n89; relocates women/founds Prémy, 37. See also Cantimpré; Prémy
  • Jordan, Erin, 174
  • Judith of Bavaria, 156
  • Judith, wife of Æthelwulf, 156
  • Jully, 133–34
  • Jutta of Sponheim: at Disibodenberg, 22, 215n95, 219n137; and John the Evangelist, 231n75. See also Disibodenberg; Hildegard of Bingen
  • Keppel, 52
  • Kessler, Herbert, 84
  • Kilburn, 21, 261n124
  • Koopmans, Rachel, 47
  • Lähnemann, Henrike, 189–91
  • Lamspringe, 96
  • Las Huelgas, 25, 175
  • Lateran Councils: I, 128; II, 31
  • Lazarus: as biblical brother, 256n56; prayers of women, 132, 151; raised from the dead, 41
  • Lea: Jerome’s writing to, 82; and prayer, 153, 154
  • Leander of Seville: friend of Gregory the Great, 125–26; and sister Florentina, 111, 112, 122, 130, 132, 141–42, 148, 154, 162
  • Leoba: and Boniface, 46, and prayerfulness, 269n97
  • Liber pontificalis, 118
  • Lifshitz, Felice, 157
  • Lippoldsberg: and Betto of Hildesheim, 21; Gunther, provost, 202n5; and “Jerome’s instructions for nuns,” 84; and Reinhardsbrunn, 212n77; resignation of priest Marcwin, 278n59
  • Liudo: manuscript gift to Essen, 88
  • Ludwig III, count of Arnstein: founder of Arnstein, 137–38
  • Macrina, 120, 122, 130
  • Madame Eglentyne, 1
  • Malcha: as a nun (monacha), 80; in Reginald of Canterbury’s Life of Malchus, 79–80
  • Malchus: and Abelard, 102; Jerome’s Life of Malchus, 79, 81, 92, 116–17, 137; Reginald of Canterbury’s Life of Malchus, 78–81, 96, 104, 105–6, 137
  • Malling, 19, 210n59
  • Maniacutia, Nicolò, 96
  • Marbach: Abelard’s influence at, 35, 105–6, 169–70, 174; and women’s prayers, 173, 175. See also Guta-Sintram Codex; Schwarzenthann
  • Marbode of Rennes, 9, 17, 37–38
  • Marcella: as Heloise’s model, 109–10, 196; Jerome’s letters to, 82, 89, 91, 101, 155; Jerome’s praise for, 72, 82, 97, 100; as scholarly, 82
  • Marcellina, 118
  • Marcigny: Adela of Blois, nun at, 241n16; altar at, 231n71; and Cluniac mission, 23; and families, 133, 136, 137, 138; foundation of, 22, 68, 133; men at, 16; priors of, 16, 138, 202n5
  • Mariengaarde, 52
  • Martha of Bethany: Jesus’s affection for, 41, 47, 76; prayers of, 151. See also Lazarus
  • Mary Magdalene: and Anselm of Canterbury, 81; as apostola apostolorum, 40, 67–68, 69 fig. 9, 71, 72; beloved of Christ, 67–70; and bride of Song of Songs, 70–71; as composite figure, 41; defended by Christ, 72–73, 74 fig. 10; and Edith of Wilton, 75, 183–84; at Fontevraud, 50; as model for medieval women, 71–72; at the Paraclete, 70; and the Resurrection, 61, 67; in the Visitatio sepulchri, 66; among women followers of Jesus, 40, 41, 61
  • Mary of Bethany: anointing of Jesus, 41, 42, 71, 72–73; and bride of the Song of Songs, 70; conflated with Mary Magdalene, 41; Jesus’s affection for, 41, 76; prayers of, 151. See also Lazarus
  • Mary of Egypt, 80–81
  • Mary, Virgin; appears to Aybert of Crépin, 19; dedications to, 52; depicted on textiles, 184, 185 fig. 24, 194; as domina, 209n58; in the Guta-Sintram Codex, 28, 29 fig. 2, 106; as intercessor, 157–58; as Jesus’s mother, 40, 119, 140; and John the Evangelist, 4, 36, 37, 40, 45–51, 54, 55 fig. 4, 77, 143; Magnificat, 164; spinning, 183
  • Masculinity, 18–19, 205n25, 205n27
  • Mass: and donations to women, 174–75, 176; nuns’ “sacramental disability” and reliance on priests, 1, 10, 129, 178–79, 182–83; and Obermünster necrology, 15 fig. 1, 176; and ordained kinsmen, 130, 132–33; and priestly ordination, 202n2; women’s role in, 183, 189, 192–94
  • Matilda of Scotland, queen of England: epitaph of, 248n120; and Gundulf of Rochester, 209n56; liturgical gifts, 72, 192
  • Matilda of Tuscany: and Anselm of Canterbury, 71; and Pope Gregory VII, 47
  • Matilda, abbess of Wherwell, 157
  • McGuire, Brian Patrick, 18
  • McKitterick, Rosamond, 84
  • McLaughlin, Mary Martin, 35, 197
  • McNamara, Jo Ann: cura mulierum, 18; spiritual friendship, 30; syneisakticism, 30, 37; women and reform, 13
  • McNamer, Sarah, 71, 182, 238n157
  • Medingen, 189. See also Wichmannsburger Antependium
  • Menelay l’Abbaye, 73–75
  • Mews, Constant, 197
  • Molesmes: women at, 133–34
  • Monegund, saint, 159
  • Monica, saint: and prayer, 151–52; translation of relics, 140
  • Monte Cassino: “Cogitis me” known at, 90; Scholastica buried at, 123–24, 126; Scholastica, proximity to, 5, 123; Scholastica venerated at, 123
  • Moore, R. I., 13
  • Muri, 24, 25, 32
  • Muschiol, Gisela, 158
  • Nain, widow of, 151
  • Necrology: of Marbach/Schwarzenthann, 173; of Muri and Hermetschwil, 32; of Obermünster, 14, 15 fig. 1, 175–76
  • Nepotian: Jerome, writing to, 17, 102
  • Nicholas I, Pope, 139
  • Niedermünster (Regensburg), 175
  • Norbert of Xanten, 21, 25, 38
  • Notre Dame, Soissons: and Paschasius Radbertus, 84, 89–90, 245n73; Rotrude, nun at, 87
  • Obazine/Coyroux, 28, 32
  • Obermünster (Regensburg), 14, 15 fig. 1, 175
  • Odilo of Cluny, 90, 97
  • Odo of Orléans, abbot of Saint Martin, Tournai, 134
  • Oliva, Marilyn, 3, 135
  • Ordination: of abbesses, 202n2; exclusion of women, 10, 16; of monks, 176, 202n4
  • Origen, 12, 82
  • Osbert of Clare, 135–36, 210n59
  • Pachomius, saint: and sister Maria, 121, 124, 126; and support for women’s religious life, 129–30
  • Palladius, 83, 121
  • Paraclete: Abelard and, 34, 101, 102, 179; Abelard and requests for prayer and burial, 150–52, 167, 171, 173–74, 175; Abelard’s Rule at, 35–36, 50, 183; Abelard’s Sermon 30, 104–5, 169; Heloise as abbess, 34, 109, 179–80, 196; Mary Magdalene at, 70
  • Paranymphus, 51, 76, 154, 158, 178
  • Parc-le-Duc, 52
  • Paschasius Radbertus: and Jerome, 84, 89–90, 93, 108; and women, 96–97, 98 fig. 15; and women’s prayers, 162–63. See also Corbie; Imma; Notre Dame, Soissons; Theodrada
  • Paul of Bernried, 203n13, 214n94, 252n7
  • Paul the Deacon, 126
  • Paula: asceticism of, 92, 109, 153; burial in Church of the Nativity, 92; “Cogitis me” addressed to, 89–90; depictions of, 84, 85 fig. 11, 86 fig. 12, 92–93, 93 fig. 13, 97, 99 fig. 16; and Jerome, 5, 36, 37, 77, 82, 87, 92, 96, 102; Jerome’s writing for, 82, 88, 89, 97, 100, 139; learning of, 87; letter to Marcella, 155; medieval references to, 36, 37, 38, 77, 83, 84, 96–97, 101–3, 109, 196; praised by Palladius, 83; prayers of, 153. See also Eustochium; Jerome
  • Paulina of Paulinzella, 43, 52, 60
  • Pega, 138
  • Perpetua, 151
  • Peter Damian: Blanche of Milan as domina, 104; clerical marriage, 13, 140; and sister Rodelinda, 132; writing to Agnes of Poitou, 72
  • Peter of Blois, 68, 133, 157
  • Peter the Venerable, 70, 135–36; mother (Raingard) at Marcigny, 136
  • Petersfrauen (Salzburg), 31
  • Petershausen, 23, 25
  • Prayer. See intercession
  • Premonstratensians: and John and Mary, 52; and women, 16, 57
  • Prémontré, 21, 25, 30, 213n82
  • Prémy, 22, 48
  • Principia: Jerome’s writing to, 82, 97, 100, 101, 109
  • Priscilla and Aquila, 100
  • Pulcheria, empress, 57
  • Quedlinburg: Jerome’s letters at, 89; recluse Bia from, 21; and women’s prayer, 175
  • Quem quaeritis, 61–66
  • Radegund, 48; and prayer, 159, 160 fig. 21; See also Baudonivia; Sainte-Croix (Poitiers); Venantius Fortunatus
  • Recognitiones, pseudo-Clementine, 59–60
  • Reginald of Canterbury, 78–81, 96, 102, 104, 137
  • Regularis Concordia, 66
  • Renco: prior at Marcigny, 16
  • Resurrection: revealed first to women, 4, 40, 43–44, 60–67, 62 fig. 5, 63 fig. 6, 64 fig. 7, 65 fig. 8; and women’s spiritual priority, 184, 191–92, 198. See also Apostola apostolorum
  • Richard of Springiersbach, 21, 133, 135; See also Springiersbach; Tenxwind of Andernach
  • Richildis, 156
  • Robert de Gorron, abbot of Saint Albans, 142
  • Robert of Arbrissel: and Abelard, 33–36; burial of, 168; criticized by Geoffrey of Vendôme, 20; epitaph, 241n16; as “exceptional,” 35–36, 38; and Fontevraud, 21, 49–50; and Hersende, 35; involvement with women, 20, 21, 30, 51, 167–68, 213n82; letter from Marbode of Rennes, 17; at Menelay l’Abbaye, 73–75
  • Robert of Molesmes, 134
  • Roger, hermit (of Saint Albans), 176
  • Rolduc (Klosterrath): women at, 24, 25, 213n82
  • Rommersdorf/Wülfersberg, 32
  • Rotrude: and Alcuin, 87–88, 162; and Jerome, 89, 109, 110; and prayer, 161
  • Rumbeck, 52
  • Rupert of Deutz, 90
  • Rupertsberg: antependium from, 187–89, 188 fig. 27; and Arnold von Wied, 55; burial at, 174; family at, 135; feast day clothing of nuns, 181–83, 192; Guibert of Gembloux as priest at, 28–30, 36, 43–44, 47–48; pastoral care at, 130, 180–81
  • Rusticula, abbess of St. Jean, Arles, 159, 163
  • Saint Albans: burial of Roger, 176; criticism of Geoffrey at, 47, 148, 168–69; family at, 135; Gregory, monk at, 132–33; production of St. Albans Psalter, 143, 146–49; women at, 214n85; women’s prayer, 168–69, 174. See also Christina of Markyate; Geoffrey de Gorron
  • Saint-Antoine-des-Champs, 174
  • Saint Cassius (Bonn), 56, 128, 130
  • Sainte-Croix (Poitiers): clerics at 14, 203n9; Easter liturgy, 66; prayer at, 159. See also Radegund; Venantius Fortunatus
  • Saint Martin (Tournai): women and men at, 28, 31, 134. See also Herman of Tournai
  • Sadalberga, saint, 83
  • Samuel, 164–66, 165 fig. 22
  • San Paolo fuori le mura: Bible of, 84, 86 fig. 12, 108
  • Sancha of Léon-Castile, 16
  • Sankt Georgen am Längsee, 27
  • Santa Maria Maggiore (Rome), 92–93, fig. 13
  • Scholastica: and brother Benedict, 5, 122–28, 130; and prayer, 123, 166–67, 124 fig. 18
  • Schulenburg, Jane Tibbetts, 125
  • Schwarzenthann: and Abelard’s influence, 170; burial at, 173; and Guta-Sintram Codex, 106–7; necrology of, 173; nuns as intercessors, 170, 173; ties to Marbach, 105, 169. See also Guta-Sintram Codex; Marbach
  • Schwarzrheindorf, 53–56, 54 fig. 3, 55 fig. 4, 57, 113, 128
  • Seaxburh, 166–67
  • Seitha: at Bury St. Edmunds, 22
  • Shepherd of Hermas, 116
  • Sheppey, 166–67
  • Siburgis von Wied, 56
  • Siegburg, 57, 231n81
  • Sigeboto (author of the Vita Paulinae), 43, 60. See also Paulina of Paulinzella
  • Sigeboto (priest at Epfach), 214n94
  • Sigena, 16
  • Single-sex: monastic life perceived as, 3, 14–18, 22
  • Sintram. See Guta-Sintram Codex
  • Sister woman (I Cor. 9:5), 36, 56–60, 78
  • Sophia von Wied, abbess of Schwarzrheindorf, 56
  • South English Legendary, 127
  • Southern, Richard, 36
  • Speculum virginum, 12, 26, 30
  • Sponheim, 113
  • Springiersbach, 212n80. See also Richard of Springiersbach; Tenxwind of Andernach
  • St. Albans Psalter, 61, 65 fig. 8, 68, 69 fig. 9, 74 fig. 10, 132; and Christina of Markyate, 146–49; obits in, 132, 176; and women’s prayer, 141, 143–49, 144 fig. 19, 145 fig. 20
  • St. Augustine’s, Canterbury: Goscelin of St. Bertin at, 80; Reginald of Canterbury at, 78
  • St. Denis, 23, 172 fig. 23, 244n58
  • St. Jean, Arles: prayer at 159, 163–64, 171. See also Caesarius of Arles
  • St. Lawrence (Oostbroek), 113
  • St. Marcel-sur-Saône, 173
  • St-Martin, Tours: and Alcuin, 87; and First Bible of Charles the Bald, 84; Fredegisus, 161; Jerome known at, 87–88
  • Stephen of Muret, 206n29, 212n74
  • Stephen of Obazine, 28, 32, 201n1 (chap. 1), 213n82
  • Stephen, proto-martyr, 57, 60
  • Suger, prior Saint-Germer-de-Fly, 22, 113–14
  • Syneisaktism, 37, 40, 46, 206n29; and John the Evangelist, 228n38
  • Synod of Aachen, 84
  • Synod of Elvira, 117
  • Templars: Rule of, 13
  • Tenxwind of Andernach: and brother Richard of Springiersbach, 21, 133, 135; letter to Hildegard of Bingen, 181–82. See also Andernach; Richard of Springiersbach
  • Tertullian, 103, 153, 155, 182
  • Textiles: women and liturgical textiles, 182–94
  • Thamar: and Amnon, 138–40
  • Thecla, saint, 151
  • Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, 166–67
  • Theodrada, abbess of Notre Dame at Soissons, 89–90, 162. See also Paschasius Radbertus
  • Theoger, abbot of Saint-Georgen: at Amtenhausen, 21; and Herluca of Epfach, 212n78, 214n94; vita of 19, 242n32; and women, 19, 21, 216n109
  • Thomas Becket, 66–67, 71
  • Thomas of Cantimpré: on John of Prémy, 37, 48; sexual danger, 205n22; warnings against clerics, 26
  • Thomas of Chobham, 156
  • Thompson, Sally, 16
  • Ursula, saint: visions of Elisabeth of Schönau, 55–56, 114–15, 128–29
  • Venantius Fortunatus: biographer of Radegund, 159; and Sainte-Croix (Poitiers), 14
  • Venarde, Bruce, 10, 35, 38, 198, 209n55
  • Vilich, 56, 243n44
  • Virgin martyrs, 194. See also Ursula, saint
  • Virginity: Aldhelm’s De virginitate, 83; Ambrose’s De virginibus, 118; and the bride of Christ, 154–55; of Florentina, 130, 141–42; heavenly rewards for, 24, 164; of John the Evangelist, 45; of Malchus, 79–80; and prayer, 154, 157, 162; at Rupertsberg, 181–83; as spiritual marriage, 153. See also Jerome, letter to Eustochium (Epist. 22); Speculum virginum; Wise and Foolish Virgins
  • Visitatio sepulchri, 64–66
  • Vita apostolica, 24, 26, 39, 40, 141
  • Vital of Savigny, 133, 213n82
  • Waddell, Chrysogonus, 70, 175
  • Walafrid Strabo, 59
  • Walther of Arrouaise, 140
  • Watton, Nun of, 30
  • Wessobrunn, 22, 96
  • Wichmannsburger Antependium, 189–91, 190 fig. 28
  • Widows: apostles’ care for, 38, 40, 56–57, 75, 179–80; as brides of Christ, 155; as followers of Jesus, 43; and prayer, 153
  • William of Hirsau, 214n94
  • William of Newburgh, 90
  • Wise and Foolish Virgins (Matt. 25:1–13): and judgment, 170–73, 172 fig. 23; parable of, 162, 171
  • Wulfthryth, abbess of Wilton, 102
  • Zosimus, 80
  • Zwiefalten, 22, 52, 96

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